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| |}} | image_map = Lebanon (orthographic projection).svg | image_map2 = Lebanon - Location Map (2012) - LBN - UNOCHA.svg | capital = Beirut | latd = 33 |latm=54 |latNS=N |longd=35 |longm=32 |longEW=E | largest_city = Beirut | official_languages = Arabic | demonym = Lebanese | government_type = | leader_title1 = Acting President | leader_name1 = Tammam Salam | leader_title2 = Prime Minister | leader_name2 = Tammam Salam | leader_title3 = Speaker of the Parliament | leader_name3 = Nabih Berri | Leader_title4 = Chief of staff | Leader_name4 = General Jean Kahwaji | legislature = Parliament | established_event1 = Greater Lebanon | established_date1 = 1 September 1920 | established_event2 = Constitution | established_date2 = 23 May 1926 | established_event3 = Independence declared | established_date3 = 22 November 1943 | established_event4 = Independence (Joined UN / French Mandate ended) | established_date4 = 24 October 1945 | established_event5 = Withdrawal of French forces | established_date5 = 31 December 1946 | area_rank = 166th | area_magnitude = 1 E10 | area_km2 = 10452 | area_sq_mi = 4036 | percent_water = 1.8 | area_label = Total | population_estimate = 5,851,000〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=2015 Revision of World Population Prospects )〕 | population_estimate_rank = 112th | population_estimate_year = 2015 | population_density_km2 = 560 | population_density_sq_mi = 1,450 | population_density_rank = 21st | GDP_PPP = $81.122 billion〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Lebanon )〕 | GDP_PPP_rank = 88th | GDP_PPP_year = 2014 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $17,986〔〔 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 80th | GDP_nominal = $49.919 billion〔 | GDP_nominal_rank = 86th | GDP_nominal_year = 2014 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $11,068〔〔 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 71st | Gini_year = |Gini_change = |Gini = |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2013 | HDI_change = steady | HDI = 0.774 | HDI_ref = | HDI_rank = 61st | currency = Lebanese pound | currency_code = LBP | time_zone = EET | utc_offset = +2 | time_zone_DST = EEST | utc_offset_DST = +3 | drives_on = Right〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Driving in Lebanon )〕 | calling_code = +961〔 | cctld = .lb | footnote_a = Article 11 of the Constitution of Lebanon states: "Arabic is the official national language. A law determines the cases in which the French language is to be used." }} Lebanon ( or ; (アラビア語:لبنان) or ; Lebanese Arabic: (:lɪbˈneːn); ; (フランス語:Liban)), officially the Lebanese Republic〔''Republic of Lebanon'' is the most common phrase used by Lebanese government agencies. The phrase ''Lebanese Republic'' is a literal translation of the official Arabic and French names that is not used in today's world. Lebanese Arabic is the most common language spoken among the citizens of Lebanon.〕 ((アラビア語:الجمهورية اللبنانية) ; Lebanese Arabic: (:elˈʒʊmhuːɾɪjje l.ˈlɪbneːnɪjje); (フランス語:République libanaise)), is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south. Lebanon's location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland facilitated its rich history and shaped a cultural identity of religious and ethnic diversity. The earliest evidence of civilization in Lebanon dates back more than seven thousand years, predating recorded history. Lebanon was the home of the Canaanites/Phoenicians and their kingdom, a maritime culture that flourished for over a thousand years (c. 1550–539 BC). In 64 BC, the region came under the rule of the Roman Empire, and eventually became one of the Empire's leading centers of Christianity. In the Mount Lebanon range a monastic tradition known as the Maronite Church was established. As the Arab Muslims conquered the region, the Maronites held onto their religion and identity. However, a new religious group, the Druze, established themselves in Mount Lebanon as well, a religious divide that would last for centuries. During the Crusades, the Maronites re-established contact with the Roman Catholic Church and asserted their communion with Rome. The ties they established with the Latins have influenced the region into the modern era. The region eventually came under the rule of the Ottoman Empire from 1516 to 1918. Following the collapse of the empire after World War I, the five provinces that constitute modern Lebanon were mandated to France. The French expanded the borders of Mount Lebanon Governorate, which was mostly populated by Maronites and Druze, to include more Muslims. Lebanon gained independence in 1943, establishing a unique political system"confessionalism"that is, a power-sharing mechanism based on religious communities. Bechara El Khoury (independent Lebanon's first president), Riad El-Solh (Lebanon's first prime minister) and Emir Majid Arslan (Lebanon's first minister of defence) are considered the founders of the modern Republic of Lebanon and are national heroes for having led the country's independence. Foreign troops withdrew completely from Lebanon in 31 December 1946. Lebanon is a member of the Organisation internationale de la francophonie since 1973. Before the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990), the country experienced a period of relative calm and renowned prosperity, driven by tourism, agriculture, commerce, and banking. Because of its financial power and diversity in its heyday, Lebanon was compared to Switzerland, and its capital Beirut attracted so many tourists that it was known as "the Paris of the Middle East". At the end of the war, there were extensive efforts to revive the economy and rebuild national infrastructure.〔 == Etymology == The name ''Lebanon'' originates from the Semitic root ''lbn'' (), meaning "white," which is likely a reference to the snow-capped Mount Lebanon. Occurrences of the name have been found in different texts from the library of Ebla, which date to the third millennium BC, nearly 70 times in the Hebrew Bible, and three of the twelve tablets of the Epic of Gilgamesh (perhaps as early as 2100 BC). The name is recorded in Ancient Egyptian as ''Rmnn,'' where ''R'' stood for Canaanite ''L.'' ==History== (詳細はEgyptian Empire, Assyrian Empire, Achaemenid Persian, Hellenistic, Roman, Armenian, Sasanid Persian, Eastern Roman, Arab (Umayyad, Abbasid, Fatimid), Seljuk, Mamluk, the Crusader's state of County of Tripoli founded by Raymond IV of Toulouse that encompassed most of present-day Lebanon, and the Ottoman Empire. Uniquely, many of these empires left inscriptions in a single location, in the group of commemorative stela of Nahr el-Kalb. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lebanon」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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